Andrew Goodwin's Theory

Andrew Goodwin feels that traditional narrative analyses(Ideas like Todorov) can't be related to pop videos.
He believes this due to the fact that pop videos approach narrative from a different angle to novels and films.

Here are the reasons for the different narrative structures:

1. Pop videos are built around songs- and often songs do not pose traditional narrative structures (normality-problem-resolution) 
2. The pop videos use the singer both as narrator and as the character 
3. The singer often looks directly at the camera - this is an extension of (music hall) performance and trying to involve the viewer at home with the performance.

Repetition is an important factor in pop videos, for example, a pop video often repeats images the same way the song repeats the choruses or lines. Repetition also helps the audience onto becoming familiar with the genre and knowing what to expect in certain videos. Finally the video would be played on TV, the song on the radio with maybe also a  advertising film or TV tie-in making the song very familiar due to repetition .

There are 3 types of connections between the music videos and the songs:

1. Illustration- This is where the video tells the story of the lyric "Pap don't preach"(Madonna) for example. Dance is often used to express the feelings/moods in the song 
2. Amplification- Occurs when the videos introduce new meanings that do not contradict with the lyrics but add layers of meaning.
3. Disjuncture- This is where there is little connection between the lyric and video or where the video contradicts the lyric. Michael Jackson's  Man in the mirror is an example of this. The song is about self- realization but the video is full of radical world events. 

Here are some examples of Andrew Goodwin's views:

                                                             Madonna - Pap don't preach 

Michael Jackson- Man in the mirror